Authentication¶

Access Tokens and Secret Key¶

To make requests to the API server, a client needs to have a pair of an API access key and a secret key. You may get one from our cloud service or from the administrator of your Backend.AI cluster.

The server uses the API keys to identify each client and secret keys to verify integrity of API requests as well as to authenticate clients.

Warning

For security reasons (to avoid exposition of your API access key and secret keys to arbitrary Internet users), we highly recommend to setup a server-side proxy to our API service if you are building a public-facing front-end service using Backend.AI.

For local deployments, you may create a master dummy pair in the configuration (TODO).

Common Structure of API Requests¶

HTTP Headers	Values
Method	`GET` / `REPORT` / `POST` / `PUT` / `PATCH` / `DELETE`
Query String	If your access key has the administrator privilege, your client may optionally specify other user’s access key as the `owner_access_key` parameter of the URL query string (in addition to other API-specific ones if any) to change the scope of access key applied to access and manipulation of keypair-specific resources such as kernels and vfolders. New in version v4.20190315.
`Content-Type`	Always should be `application/json`
`Authorization`	Signature information generated as the section Signing API Requests describes.
`Date`	The date/time of the request formatted in RFC 8022 or ISO 8601. If no timezone is specified, UTC is assumed. The deviation with the server-side clock must be within 15-minutes.
`X-BackendAI-Date`	Same as `Date`. May be omitted if `Date` is present.
`X-BackendAI-Version`	`vX.yyymmdd` where `X` is the major version and `yyyymmdd` is the minor release date of the specified API version. (e.g., 20160915)
`X-BackendAI-Client-Token`	An optional, client-generated random string to allow the server to distinguish repeated duplicate requests. It is important to keep idempotent semantics with multiple retries for intermittent failures. (Not implemented yet)
Body	JSON-encoded request parameters

Common Structure of API Responses¶

HTTP Headers	Values
Status code	API-specific HTTP-standard status codes. Responses commonly used throughout all APIs include 200, 201, 2014, 400, 401, 403, 404, 429, and 500, but not limited to.
`Content-Type`	`application/json` and its variants (e.g., `application/problem+json` for errors)
`Link`	Web link headers specified as in RFC 5988. Only optionally used when returning a collection of objects.
`X-RateLimit-*`	The rate-limiting information (see Rate Limiting).
Body	JSON-encoded results

Signing API Requests¶

Each API request must be signed with a signature. First, the client should generate a signing key derived from its API secret key and a string to sign by canonicalizing the HTTP request.

Generating a signing key¶

Here is a Python code that derives the signing key from the secret key. The key is nestedly signed against the current date (without time) and the API endpoint address.

import hashlib, hmac
from datetime import datetime

SECRET_KEY = b'abc...'

def sign(key, msg):
  return hmac.new(key, msg, hashlib.sha256).digest()

def get_sign_key():
  t = datetime.utcnow()
  k1 = sign(SECRET_KEY, t.strftime('%Y%m%d').encode('utf8'))
  k2 = sign(k1, b'your.sorna.api.endpoint')
  return k2

Generating a string to sign¶

The string to sign is generated from the following request-related values:

HTTP Method (uppercase)
URI including query strings
The value of Date (or X-BackendAI-Date if Date is not present) formatted in ISO 8601 (YYYYmmddTHHMMSSZ) using the UTC timezone.
The canonicalized header/value pair of Host
The canonicalized header/value pair of Content-Type
The canonicalized header/value pair of X-BackendAI-Version
The hex-encoded hash value of body as-is. The hash function must be same to the one given in the Authorization header (e.g., SHA256).

To generate a string to sign, the client should join the above values using the newline ("\n", ASCII 10) character. All non-ASCII strings must be encoded with UTF-8. To canonicalize a pair of HTTP header/value, first trim all leading/trailing whitespace characters ("\n", "\r", " ", "\t"; or ASCII 10, 13, 32, 9) of its value, and join the lowercased header name and the value with a single colon (":", ASCII 58) character.

The success example in Example Requests and Responses makes a string to sign as follows (where the newlines are "\n"):

GET
/v2
20160930T01:23:45Z
host:your.sorna.api.endpoint
content-type:application/json
x-sorna-version:v2.20170215
e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855

In this example, the hash value e3b0c4... is generated from an empty string using the SHA256 hash function since there is no body for GET requests.

Then, the client should calculate the signature using the derived signing key and the generated string with the hash function, as follows:

import hashlib, hmac

str_to_sign = 'GET\n/v2...'
sign_key = get_sign_key()  # see "Generating a signing key"
m = hmac.new(sign_key, str_to_sign.encode('utf8'), hashlib.sha256)
signature = m.hexdigest()

Attaching the signature¶

Finally, the client now should construct the following HTTP Authorization header:

Authorization: BackendAI signMethod=HMAC-SHA256, credential=<access-key>:<signature>

Example Requests and Responses¶

For the examples here, we use a dummy access key and secret key:

Example access key: AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE
Example secret key: wJalrXUtnFEMI/K7MDENG/bPxRfiCYEXAMPLEKEY

Success example for checking the latest API version¶

GET /v2 HTTP/1.1
Host: your.sorna.api.endpoint
Date: 20160930T01:23:45Z
Authorization: BackendAI signMethod=HMAC-SHA256, credential=AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE:022ae894b4ecce097bea6eca9a97c41cd17e8aff545800cd696112cc387059cf
Content-Type: application/json
X-BackendAI-Version: v2.20170215

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/json
Content-Language: en
Content-Length: 31
X-RateLimit-Limit: 2000
X-RateLimit-Remaining: 1999
X-RateLimit-Reset: 897065

{
   "version": "v2.20170215"
}

Failure example with a missing authorization header¶

GET /v2/kernel/create HTTP/1.1
Host: your.sorna.api.endpoint
Content-Type: application/json
X-BackendAI-Date: 20160930T01:23:45Z
X-BackendAI-Version: v2.20170215

HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
Content-Type: application/problem+json
Content-Language: en
Content-Length: 139
X-RateLimit-Limit: 2000
X-RateLimit-Remaining: 1998
X-RateLimit-Reset: 834821

{
   "type": "https://sorna.io/problems/unauthorized",
   "title": "Unauthorized access",
   "detail": "Authorization header is missing."
}